In France, judges can still order X-rays to help determine the age of young migrants. The method has been controversial for years due to doubts about its reliability. At the end of last year, the National Assembly even voted in favour of a ban on medical examinations for the purpose of age assessment. Eight months later, that proposal is still before the Senate.
In 2025, the Défenseur des Droits (the independent French ombudsman for civil and children’s rights) published a ruling concerning a young boy living alone in Bordeaux. He had been refused funding for his education on the grounds that he had not provided proof of being a minor.
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